Java TemporalQueries Tutorial with Examples
1. TemporalQueries
The TemporalQueries class provides static methods to obtain common and useful TemporalQuery objects. The information received from these TemporalQuery can be:
- Chronology
- LocalDate
- LocalTime
- ZoneOffset
- Precision
- Zone
- ZoneId
See also article about TemporalQuery interface with basic and custom TemporalQuery.
There are two ways to query a TemporalAccessor object, in which the second approach is recommended.
// These two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
information = temporalQuery.queryFrom(temporalAccessor); // (1)
information = temporalAccessor.query(temporalQuery); // (2)
2. TemporalQueries methods
All methods provided by TemporalQueries are static and return a TemporalQuery object.
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zoneId()
public static TemporalQuery<Chronology> chronology()
public static TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> precision()
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zone()
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> offset()
public static TemporalQuery<LocalDate> localDate()
public static TemporalQuery<LocalTime> localTime()
3. precision()
No ADS
Return TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> to query the smallest unit supported by a TemporalAcccessor.
public static TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> precision()
Table of classes that implement the TemporalAccessor interface available in the JDK and the smallest supported unit.
TemporalAccessor | Precision | isTimeBased() | isDateBased() |
Instant | NANOS | true | false |
LocalDate | DAYS | false | true |
LocalTime | NANOS | true | false |
LocalDateTime | NANOS | true | false |
ZonedDateTime | NANOS | true | false |
OffsetTime | NANOS | true | false |
OffsetDateTime | NANOS | true | false |
ChronoLocalDate | DAYS | false | true |
ChronoLocalDateTime | NANOS | true | false |
ChronoZonedDateTime | NANOS | true | false |
Era | ERAS | false | true |
DayOfWeek | DAYS | false | true |
Month | MONTHS | false | true |
Year | YEARS | false | true |
YearMonth | MONTHS | false | true |
MonthDay | null | ||
ZoneOffset | null |
Example:
TemporalQueries_precision_ex1.java
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> query = TemporalQueries.precision();
TemporalUnit smallestUnit = localDate.query(query); // Can cast to ChronoUnit
ChronoUnit smallestChronoUnit = (ChronoUnit) smallestUnit; // ChronoUnit.DAYS
System.out.println("localDate support smallest unit: " + smallestChronoUnit); // Days
System.out.println(" >> Name: " + smallestChronoUnit.name()); // DAYS
System.out.println(" >> isTimeBased()?: " + smallestChronoUnit.isTimeBased()); // false
System.out.println(" >> isDateBased()?: " + smallestChronoUnit.isDateBased()); // true
Output:
localDate support smallest unit: Days
>> Name: DAYS
>> isTimeBased()?: false
>> isDateBased()?: true
- TemporalAccessor
- TemporalUnit
- ChronoUnit
4. chronology()
Return TemporalQuery<Chronology> to obtain information about the Chronology associated with a TemporalAccessor.
public static TemporalQuery<Chronology> chronology()
TemporalAccessor | Return | Note |
ChronoLocalDate | Returns the associated chronology | |
ChronoLocalDateTime | Returns the associated chronology | |
ChronoZonedDateTime | Returns the associated chronology | |
Era | Returns the associated chronology | |
LocalDate |
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE | |
LocalDateTime |
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE | |
ZonedDateTime |
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE | |
OffsetDateTime |
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE | |
Month |
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE | |
Year |
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE | |
YearMonth |
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE | |
MonthDay |
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE | |
LocalTime | null | Does not represent a date |
OffsetTime | null | Does not represent a date |
ZoneOffset | null | Does not represent a date |
Instant | null | Does not represent a date |
DayOfWeek | null | Shared across chronologies |
TemporalQueries_chronology_ex1.java
TemporalAccessor localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
Chronology chronology = localDateTime.query(TemporalQueries.chronology());
System.out.println(chronology.getClass().getName()); // java.time.chrono.IsoChronology
System.out.println(chronology.getId()); // ISO
The reference of the static method Chronology.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it can throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_chronology_ex2.java
TemporalQuery<Chronology> query = Chronology::from; // Method reference
// TemporalAccessor object:
TemporalAccessor temporalAccessor = MonthDay.now();
// Throw exception if Chronology cannot be obtained.
Chronology chronology = temporalAccessor.query(query);
System.out.println(chronology.getClass().getName()); // java.time.chrono.IsoChronology
System.out.println(chronology.getId()); // ISO
Output:
java.time.chrono.IsoChronology
ISO
- Chronology
- IsoChronology
- TemporalAccessor
5. localDate()
No ADS
Return a TemporalQuery<LocalDate> to retrieve the LocalDate component from a TemporalAccessor object. The query result is null if this component does not exist.
public static TemporalQuery<LocalDate> localDate()
Example:
TemporalQueries_localDate_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<LocalDate> query = TemporalQueries.localDate();
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);
LocalDate localDate = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
System.out.println();
//
LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
localDate = localTime.query(query);
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T01:26:20.194520+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
localDate: 2021-07-10
localTime: 01:26:20.195471
localDate: null
The reference of the static method LocalDate.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it may throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_localDate_ex2.java
// Method reference
TemporalQuery<LocalDate> query = LocalDate::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.localDate();
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);
LocalDate localDate = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
System.out.println();
//
LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
localDate = localTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
6. localTime()
Return a TemporalQuery<LocalTime> to retrieve the LocalTime component from a TemporalAccessor object. The query result is null if this component does not exist.
public static TemporalQuery<LocalTime> localTime()
Example:
TemporalQueries_localTime_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<LocalTime> query = TemporalQueries.localTime();
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);
LocalTime localTime = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
System.out.println();
//
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
localTime = localDate.query(query);
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T01:45:18.694232+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
localTime: 01:45:18.694232
localDate: 2021-07-10
localTime: null
The reference of the static method LocalTime.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it can throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_localTime_ex2.java
// Method reference
TemporalQuery<LocalTime> query = LocalTime::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.localTime();
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);
LocalTime localTime = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
System.out.println();
//
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
localTime = localDate.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
7. zoneId()
No ADS
Return a TemporalQuery<ZoneId> that retrieves time zone ID information from a TemporalAccessor object. The result of this query is strict, meaning it returns a time zone ID for a region, such as "Europe/Paris", "GMT-10", "UTC+7", "UT+05:30". Time zone ID(s) based on offsets are not considered strict, such as "+08:30", "-07".
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zoneId()
The TemporalQuery<ZoneId> object returned from this method is only used to query the ZonedDateTime or ChroneZonedDateTime object and obtain the ZoneId associated with it. Queries with other TemporalAccessor(s) like OffsetDateTime, LocalDateTime, .. will return null.
If you need a less strict time zone query that accepts all types of time zone ID(s) including offset based time zone ID(s), use the TemporalQueries.zone() method.
TemporalQueries_zoneId_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query = TemporalQueries.zoneId();
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);
ZoneId zoneId = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);
zoneId = offsetDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-09T23:10:49.446493+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneId: Asia/Bishkek
offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T19:10:49.448945+02:00
zoneId: null
- ZoneId
- ZoneOffset
- ChronoZonedDateTime
- ZonedDateTime
- OffsetDateTime
8. offset()
Return a TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> to retrieve time zone offset information from a TemporalAccessor object.
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> offset()
Example:
TemporalQueries_offset_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> query = TemporalQueries.offset();
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);
ZoneOffset zoneOffset = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);
zoneOffset = offsetDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T00:52:36.066446+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneOffset: +06:00
offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T20:52:36.068898+02:00
zoneOffset: +02:00
The reference of the static method ZoneOffset.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it can throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_offset_ex2.java
// Method reference
TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> query = ZoneOffset::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.offset()
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);
ZoneOffset zoneOffset = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);
zoneOffset = offsetDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);
- ZoneId
- ZoneOffset
- ChronoZonedDateTime
- ZonedDateTime
- OffsetDateTime
9. zone()
No ADS
Return a TemporalQuery<ZoneId> that retrieves time zone ID information from a TemporalAccessor object. The result of this query is lenient, meaning it accepts all ZoneId types. For example: "Europe/Paris", "GMT-10", "UTC+7", "UT+05:30", "+9:30", "-08".
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zone()
This TemporalQuery queries a temporalAccessor object according to the following rule:
- Return TemporalQueries.zoneId().queryFrom(temporalAccessor) if it is not null.
- Otherwise, return TemporalQueries.offset().queryFrom(temporalAccessor).
Thus, querying a ZonedDateTime object will return zonedDateTime.getZone(), while querying an OffsetDateTime object will return offsetDateTime.getOffset().
TemporalQueries_zone_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query = TemporalQueries.zone();
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);
ZoneId zoneId = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);
zoneId = offsetDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T00:45:45.503914+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneId: Asia/Bishkek
offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T20:45:45.506205+02:00
zoneId: +02:00
The reference of the static method ZoneId.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it throws an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_zone_ex2.java
// Method referene
TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query = ZoneId::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.zone()
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);
ZoneId zoneId = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);
zoneId = offsetDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T00:45:45.503914+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneId: Asia/Bishkek
offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T20:45:45.506205+02:00
zoneId: +02:00
- ZoneId
- ZoneOffset
- ChronoZonedDateTime
- ZonedDateTime
- OffsetDateTime
No ADS
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