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Java TemporalQueries Tutorial with Examples

  1. TemporalQueries
  2. TemporalQueries methods
  3. precision()
  4. chronology()
  5. localDate()
  6. localTime()
  7. zoneId()
  8. offset()
  9. zone()

1. TemporalQueries

The TemporalQueries class provides static methods to obtain common and useful TemporalQuery objects. The information received from these TemporalQuery can be:
  • Chronology
  • LocalDate
  • LocalTime
  • ZoneOffset
  • Precision
  • Zone
  • ZoneId
See also article about TemporalQuery interface with basic and custom TemporalQuery.
There are two ways to query a TemporalAccessor object, in which the second approach is recommended.
// These two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended

information = temporalQuery.queryFrom(temporalAccessor);  // (1)

information = temporalAccessor.query(temporalQuery);          // (2)

2. TemporalQueries methods

All methods provided by TemporalQueries are static and return a TemporalQuery object.
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zoneId()  

public static TemporalQuery<Chronology> chronology()  

public static TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> precision()  

public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zone()

public static TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> offset()  

public static TemporalQuery<LocalDate> localDate()

public static TemporalQuery<LocalTime> localTime()

3. precision()

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Return TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> to query the smallest unit supported by a TemporalAcccessor.
public static TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> precision()
Table of classes that implement the TemporalAccessor interface available in the JDK and the smallest supported unit.
TemporalAccessor
Precision
isTimeBased()
isDateBased()
Instant
NANOS
true
false
LocalDate
DAYS
false
true
LocalTime
NANOS
true
false
LocalDateTime
NANOS
true
false
ZonedDateTime
NANOS
true
false
OffsetTime
NANOS
true
false
OffsetDateTime
NANOS
true
false
ChronoLocalDate
DAYS
false
true
ChronoLocalDateTime
NANOS
true
false
ChronoZonedDateTime
NANOS
true
false
Era
ERAS
false
true
DayOfWeek
DAYS
false
true
Month
MONTHS
false
true
Year
YEARS
false
true
YearMonth
MONTHS
false
true
MonthDay
null
ZoneOffset
null
Example:
TemporalQueries_precision_ex1.java
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();

TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> query = TemporalQueries.precision();

TemporalUnit smallestUnit = localDate.query(query); // Can cast to ChronoUnit
ChronoUnit smallestChronoUnit = (ChronoUnit) smallestUnit; // ChronoUnit.DAYS

System.out.println("localDate support smallest unit: " + smallestChronoUnit); // Days
System.out.println(" >> Name: " + smallestChronoUnit.name()); // DAYS
System.out.println(" >> isTimeBased()?: " + smallestChronoUnit.isTimeBased()); // false
System.out.println(" >> isDateBased()?: " + smallestChronoUnit.isDateBased()); // true
Output:
localDate support smallest unit: Days
 >> Name: DAYS
 >> isTimeBased()?: false
 >> isDateBased()?: true

4. chronology()

Return TemporalQuery<Chronology> to obtain information about the Chronology associated with a TemporalAccessor.
public static TemporalQuery<Chronology> chronology()
TemporalAccessor
Return
Note
ChronoLocalDate
Returns the associated chronology
ChronoLocalDateTime
Returns the associated chronology
ChronoZonedDateTime
Returns the associated chronology
Era
Returns the associated chronology
LocalDate
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE
LocalDateTime
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE
ZonedDateTime
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE
OffsetDateTime
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE
Month
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE
Year
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE
YearMonth
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE
MonthDay
Return
IsoChronology.INSTANCE
LocalTime
null
Does not represent a date
OffsetTime
null
Does not represent a date
ZoneOffset
null
Does not represent a date
Instant
null
Does not represent a date
DayOfWeek
null
Shared across chronologies
TemporalQueries_chronology_ex1.java
TemporalAccessor localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();  
Chronology chronology = localDateTime.query(TemporalQueries.chronology());

System.out.println(chronology.getClass().getName()); // java.time.chrono.IsoChronology
System.out.println(chronology.getId()); // ISO
The reference of the static method Chronology.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it can throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_chronology_ex2.java
TemporalQuery<Chronology> query = Chronology::from; // Method reference

// TemporalAccessor object:
TemporalAccessor temporalAccessor = MonthDay.now();
// Throw exception if Chronology cannot be obtained.
Chronology chronology = temporalAccessor.query(query);

System.out.println(chronology.getClass().getName()); // java.time.chrono.IsoChronology
System.out.println(chronology.getId()); // ISO
Output:
java.time.chrono.IsoChronology
ISO

5. localDate()

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Return a TemporalQuery<LocalDate> to retrieve the LocalDate component from a TemporalAccessor object. The query result is null if this component does not exist.
public static TemporalQuery<LocalDate> localDate()
Example:
TemporalQueries_localDate_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<LocalDate> query = TemporalQueries.localDate();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

LocalDate localDate = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
System.out.println();
//
LocalTime localTime  = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);

localDate = localTime.query(query);
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T01:26:20.194520+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
localDate: 2021-07-10

localTime: 01:26:20.195471
localDate: null
The reference of the static method LocalDate.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it may throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_localDate_ex2.java
// Method reference
TemporalQuery<LocalDate> query = LocalDate::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.localDate();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

LocalDate localDate = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
System.out.println();
//
LocalTime localTime  = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);

localDate = localTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);

6. localTime()

Return a TemporalQuery<LocalTime> to retrieve the LocalTime component from a TemporalAccessor object. The query result is null if this component does not exist.
public static TemporalQuery<LocalTime> localTime()
Example:
TemporalQueries_localTime_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<LocalTime> query = TemporalQueries.localTime();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

LocalTime localTime = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
System.out.println();
//
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);

localTime = localDate.query(query);
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T01:45:18.694232+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
localTime: 01:45:18.694232

localDate: 2021-07-10
localTime: null
The reference of the static method LocalTime.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it can throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_localTime_ex2.java
// Method reference
TemporalQuery<LocalTime> query = LocalTime::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.localTime();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

LocalTime localTime = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
System.out.println();
//
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);

localTime = localDate.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);

7. zoneId()

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Return a TemporalQuery<ZoneId> that retrieves time zone ID information from a TemporalAccessor object. The result of this query is strict, meaning it returns a time zone ID for a region, such as "Europe/Paris", "GMT-10", "UTC+7", "UT+05:30". Time zone ID(s) based on offsets are not considered strict, such as "+08:30", "-07".
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zoneId()
The TemporalQuery<ZoneId> object returned from this method is only used to query the ZonedDateTime or ChroneZonedDateTime object and obtain the ZoneId associated with it. Queries with other TemporalAccessor(s) like OffsetDateTime, LocalDateTime, .. will return null.
If you need a less strict time zone query that accepts all types of time zone ID(s) including offset based time zone ID(s), use the TemporalQueries.zone() method.
TemporalQueries_zoneId_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query = TemporalQueries.zoneId();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneId zoneId = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneId = offsetDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-09T23:10:49.446493+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneId: Asia/Bishkek

offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T19:10:49.448945+02:00
zoneId: null

8. offset()

Return a TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> to retrieve time zone offset information from a TemporalAccessor object.
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> offset()
Example:
TemporalQueries_offset_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> query = TemporalQueries.offset();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneOffset zoneOffset = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneOffset = offsetDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T00:52:36.066446+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneOffset: +06:00

offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T20:52:36.068898+02:00
zoneOffset: +02:00
The reference of the static method ZoneOffset.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it can throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_offset_ex2.java
// Method reference
TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> query = ZoneOffset::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.offset()

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneOffset zoneOffset = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneOffset = offsetDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);

9. zone()

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Return a TemporalQuery<ZoneId> that retrieves time zone ID information from a TemporalAccessor object. The result of this query is lenient, meaning it accepts all ZoneId types. For example: "Europe/Paris", "GMT-10", "UTC+7", "UT+05:30", "+9:30", "-08".
public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zone()
This TemporalQuery queries a temporalAccessor object according to the following rule:
  • Return TemporalQueries.zoneId().queryFrom(temporalAccessor) if it is not null.
  • Otherwise, return TemporalQueries.offset().queryFrom(temporalAccessor).
Thus, querying a ZonedDateTime object will return zonedDateTime.getZone(), while querying an OffsetDateTime object will return offsetDateTime.getOffset().
TemporalQueries_zone_ex1.java
TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query = TemporalQueries.zone();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneId zoneId = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneId = offsetDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T00:45:45.503914+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneId: Asia/Bishkek

offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T20:45:45.506205+02:00
zoneId: +02:00
The reference of the static method ZoneId.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it throws an exception if the result cannot be obtained.
TemporalQueries_zone_ex2.java
// Method referene
TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query = ZoneId::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.zone()

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneId zoneId = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneId = offsetDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
Output:
zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T00:45:45.503914+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneId: Asia/Bishkek

offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T20:45:45.506205+02:00
zoneId: +02:00
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